Sunday, May 14, 2021
Preparation of Potassium 12-Molybdate-1-Arsenate
  1. 10.64 grams (0.0739145537 moles) of molybdenum trioxide
  2. 4.15 grams of KOH (0.0739145537 moles) needed to convert MoO3 to K2MoO4
    1. ​​​​​​​Dissolve in 8.3 mL of water
  3. 0.708 grams (0.0030797731 moles) of arsenic pentoxide needed
  4. 0.147829 moles of HNO3 needed
    1. ​​​​​​​14.7M HNO3 = 0.0147 moles per mL ⇒ 10.056 mLs
Friday, April 30, 2021
Preparation of Sodium Potassium Cyanide Solution
  1. 60 grams of anhydrous potassium ferrocyanide and 7.5 grams of sodium metal
    1. 368.35 grams per mole; 0.1629 moles
  2. Mass of empty beaker = 93.89 grams
  3. Mass of beaker + crude cyanide = 133.96 grams
  4. Mass of watch glass + filter paper = 58.59 grams
  5. Watch glass + filter paper + iron residue = 63.05 grams
  6. Mass of iron residue = 4.46 grams
  7. Mass of crude cyanide = 40.07 grams
  8. Mass of cyanide in solution = 35.61 grams

Reduction of Potassium Octacyanomolybdate Prep Conversion Factor

  1. Sodium Potassium Cyanide = 59.75 grams per mole
  2. Potassium cyanide = 65.12 grams per mole
  3. 35.61 grams of sodium potassium cyanide = 0.59598326 moles
  4. Conversion Factor = 0.22177

New Amounts

  1. Potassium molybdate dihydrate = 9.048 grams
    1. Sodium molybdate dihydrate molar mass = 241.95 grams per mole
    2. 7.98 grams sodium molybdate = 0.0329979744225508 moles
    3. Potassium molybdate dihydrate molar mass = 274.2 grams per mole
  2. ​​​​​​​Potassium borohydride = 3.99 grams
  3. Glacial acetic acid = 31.04 mL
Thursday, April 29, 2021
Preparation of Thorium Acetylacetonate
  1. 1.5 grams of thorium sulfate = 0.003536 moles  
    1. Molar mass of thorium sulfate = 424.17 grams per mole
  2. 0.014144 moles of acetylacetone =1.416 grams = 1.452 mL 
    1. Molar mass of acetylacetone = 100.117 grams per mole
    2. Density = 0.975 grams per mole
  3. 0.014144 moles of potassium hydroxide = 0.794 grams 
    1. Molar mass of KOH = 56.11 grams per mole​​​​​​​
Sunday, April 25th, 2021
Preparation of Perchloric Acid
  1. Molar mass of barium perchlorate trihydrate = 336.228 + (3 x 18.01528) = 390.2738 grams per mole
  2. 15 grams of the trihydrate = 0.038434555 moles
Preparation of Potassium Molybdate
  1. 30 grams of ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate
    1. Molar mass = 196.02 + (4 x 18.01528) = 268.08 grams per mole
    2. 30 grams = 0.1119 moles
  2. KOH = 56.11 grams per mole 
    1. ​​​​​​​0.1119 moles = 6.2787 grams → 6.28 grams
Preparation of Cesium Hexachloroselenate(IV)
  1. 4 grams of selenium powder in 50 mL of conc HCl
    1. Atomic weight of selenium = 78.971 grams per mole
    2. 4 grams = 0.0507 moles of selenium
  2. Pass through Cl2 until the dark brown sludge of SeCl2 full dissolves to give a yellow-brown solution of SeCl4 (1 mL contains 0.001014 moles of SeCl4)
  3. Cesium chloride solution is added to the solution
    1. Cesium chloride molar mass = 168.36 grams per mole
    2. 0.0507 x 2 = 0.1014 moles
    3. 0.1014 x 168.36 = 17.07 grams in a minimal amount of water
  4. ​​​​​​​Dry HCl gas is passed through the solution until precipitation is complete. The yield should be nearly quantitative. 
  5. If NH4Cl is used then after it is added in the form of an aqueous solution the solution must be chilled to 0oC and that temperature maintained while the HCl gas is bubbled through the solution.
Wednesday, April 14, 2021
Preparation of Barium Cyanide from Barium Ferrocyanide
  1. Molar mass of anhydrous potassium ferrocyanide = 368.35 grams per mole
    1. 40 grams = 0.10859 moles
  2. Atomic weight of sodium metal = 22.989769 grams per mole
    1. ​​​​​​​5 grams = 0.21749 moles
    2. 2:1 molar ratio between sodium and anhydrous potassium ferrocyanide in the established K2Na(CN)3 prep.
  3. Molar mass of anhydrous barium ferrocyanide = 486.609 grams per mole
    1. 4 grams = 0.00822 moles of anhydrous barium ferrocyanide
  4. ​​​​​​​Atomic weight of barium metal = 137.328 grams per mole
    1. ​​​​​​​0.00822 moles of barium = 1.13 grams of barium metal
  5. ​​​​​​​FAIL
    1. ​​​​​​​Produced barium hydroxide but no detectable amount of barium(II) cyanide.
      1. ​​​​​​​Ba+2 ion confirmed by precipitation of BaSO4 from aqueous MgSO4
      2. CN- ion not confirmed. Zn(CN)2 did not dissolve in the solution.​​​​​​​
Tuesday, March 30, 2021
  1. Preparation of Diamminemercury(II) Chloride Hg(NH3)2Cl2 (0.7296 scale from ILP page 157)
    1. 5.91 grams of mercuric chloride = 0.021766 moles
      1. Molar mass of HgCl2 = 271.52 grams per mole 
    2. 150 mL of dry ethyl acetate scales down to 109.44 dry ethyl acetate.
    3. Rinse with 18.24 mL of acetone to facilitate air drying.
Friday, March 26, 2021
  1. Preparation of Barium Ferrocyanide Ba2[Fe(CN)6]
    1. 11.93 grams of Prussian Blue = 0.01388 moles
      1. Molar mass of PB = 859.23 grams per mole
    2. Two molar equivalents of barium ion are needed. 0.01388 x 2 = 0.02776 moles = 8.76 grams Ba(OH)2•8H2O
      1. Molar mass of Barium Hydroxide Octahydrate = 315.48 grams per mole
Sunday, March 17, 2021
  1. Preparation of Sodium Potassium Ruthenocyanide
    1. Metal:KOH:KNO3 ratio by mass is 3:25:3
    2. Mass of ruthenium metal = 1.01 grams, 8.42 grams of KOH, 1.01 grams of KNO3
      1. The melt formed by fusion of ruthenium in potassium hydroxide and nitrate, and thus containing potassium ruthenate, was dissolved in water and boiled with potassium cyanide. The orange color was quickly bleached, the ruthenocyanide produced being subsequently isolated by crystallization.
    3. Atomic weight of Ru = 101.072 grams per mole
      1. 1.01 grams of Ru = 0.009992876 moles
    4. Six moles of NaCN.2KCN are needed
      1. Average molar mass of NaCN.2KCN = 59.75 grams per mole
      2. Mass of NaCN.2KCN needed = 3.58 grams
Sunday, March 17, 2021
  1. Preparation of Ammonium Hexachloroplumbate(IV)
    1. Initial mass of lead nitrate dissolved in water is: 127.70(bottle+Pb(NO3)2) - 97.88(empty bottle) = 29.82 grams of crude lead nitrate
      1. After dissolving in water a small amount of an unknown white precipitate was left over. 
      2. Lead Nitrate molar mass = 331.2 grams per mole
      3. 25 grams (to account for the mystery precipitate) of lead nitrate = 0.0754831 moles/span>
      4. Molar mass of sodium chloride = 58.443 grams per mole
      5. NaCl needed = 0.15096618 moles = 8.83 grams NaCl
    2. Lead chloride filtered, rinsed several times with room temp water to remove as much sodium nitrate as possible and put into the desiccator to dry overnight. 
      1. 3/2/21: Mass of slightly damp PbCl2 = 212.34 - 196.82 = 15.52 grams of lead(II) chloride
Wednesday, February 24, 2021
  1. Preparation of Bispyridinesilver(I) Permanganate
    1. 4.08 grams of silver nitrate (damp); a little less than 0.024018 moles 
      1. Molar mass of silver nitrate = 169.872 grams per mole
    2. 3 molar equivalents of pyridine = 0.07205425 moles = 5.6996 grams = 5.7 grams = 5.81 milliliters of pyridine
      1. Molar mass of pyridine = 79.102
      2. Density of pyridine = 0.9819 grams per milliliter
    3. 1 molar equivalent of potassium permanganate = 3.7956 grams = 3.8 grams
      1. Molar mass of potassium permanganate = 158.034 grams per mole
    4. Procedure from "Bispyridinesilver Permanganate [Ag(C5H2N)2]: An Efficient Oxidizing Reagent For Organic Substrates"

Sunday, January 31, 2021
  1. Preparation of Barium Manganate
    1. 2 moles KOH fused with 1 mole MnO2 : 15 grams of manganese dioxide and 19.362 grams of potassium hydroxide
    2. 1 mole of potassium manganate is added to a warm solution of one mole of barium hydroxide at pH 7; 54.42 grams of barium hydroxide octahydrate
      1. Molar mass of MnO2 = 86.9368 grams per mole
      2. Molar mass of KOH = 56.11 grams per mole
      3. Molar mass of barium hydroxide octahydrate = 315.46 grams per mole
Sunday, January 31, 2021
  1. Preparation of Potassium Ruthenocyanide
    1. Atomic weight of Ru = 101.07 amu
    2. 1 gram of Ru = 0.0098941 moles of Ru
    3. Molar mass of KCN = 65.12 grams per mole
    4. NOT ENOUGH CYANIDE. :-(
    5. Attempting to dry potassium ferrocyanide trihydrate
      1. Melting point = 70 oC
Saturday, January 30, 2021
  1. Kratom Ens Tincture
    1. A saturated solution of potassium carbonate was created using 115 grams of anhydrous potassium carbonate. 

Thursday, January 21, 2021
  1. Synthesis of Silver Chlorate
    1. Silver Nitrate molar mass = 143.3212 grams per mole
    2. Sodium Chlorate molar mass = 106.44097 grams per mole
    3. 10 grams of silver nitrate = 0.069773348 moles
    4. 0.069773348 moles of silver chlorate = 7.4267 grams
    5. Dissolve each in 7 mL of water at 85oC
Sunday, January 17, 2021
  1. Emerald Green = Barium Chlorate + Hexamine
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